Every modality people use against cancer, graded by the evidence behind it.

Starving the body of carbohydrate drops blood glucose and insulin, forces normal cells onto ketones, and leaves glucose-dependent tumors short of fuel.

Textbook Warburg-effect biology; reproduced across labs.

Pooled trials show reliable metabolic effect (glucose, insulin, IGF-1) and safety; no RCT has shown survival benefit yet. ERGO2 was feasibility, not efficacy.

Voss et al., ERGO2, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020, Kamali et al., umbrella review of systematic reviews, Integr Cancer Ther 2026, Rieger et al., ERGO pilot, Int J Oncol 2014, Diet2Treat phase II, ClinicalTrials.gov

A zero-carbohydrate, all-animal diet produces deeper and more sustained ketosis than keto, with fewer plant compounds to manage.

Metabolically a ketogenic diet; shares keto's mechanism.

Zero published cancer studies of carnivore diet exist.

Carnivore Diet: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence, PMC 2025, Low Carbohydrate Diets in Cancer Therapeutics, PMC 2021

Cutting glutamine starves the tumor's second fuel; EGCG from green tea blocks the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and so blocks glutamine use.

Glutamine addiction is real, a live pharma target; EGCG inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase in cells.

No human trial has shown green tea, EGCG, or dietary glutamine restriction changes a cancer outcome.

Targeting glutamine metabolism as a potential target for cancer treatment, PMC 2025, An alternative mechanism of glutamate dehydrogenase inhibition by EGCG, PMC 2025, Targeting cancer hallmarks with EGCG, PMC 2024

The human anti-parasitic cousin of fenbendazole disrupts microtubules in dividing cancer cells and crosses into the brain.

Microtubule disruption mechanism, human trials exist unlike most benzimidazoles.

Multiple phase 1/2a trials always added to chemo; built for dose and safety, not to prove benefit.

Gallia et al., Neuro-Oncology Advances 2021;3(1):vdaa154, Kars et al., Cancer Medicine 2020, DOI 10.1002/cam4.3094, Mansoori et al., Scientific Reports 2021, Hegazy et al., Life Sciences 2022 (often miscited as 'Touti'), Nygren and Larsson, Acta Oncologica 2014, a case report, not a trial

A dog dewormer that kills cancer cells through microtubule disruption, p53 and several other pathways, made famous by a rancher's stage 4 lung cancer story.

Real mechanism list in cells and mice, cataloged in a 2024 review.

Poor human bioavailability. Famous case was also on trial immunotherapy so cannot be credited to fenbendazole.

Nguyen et al., Anticancer Research 2024;44(9):3725, Yamaguchi et al., Clinical Case Reports 2016

A Nobel-winning anti-parasitic that hits tubulin, mitochondria, p53 and HIF-1 in cancer cells, and, combined with a benzimidazole, 'attacks cancer twenty ways.'

Broad preclinical literature across cancer types, including sensitizing lung cancer cells to paclitaxel.

Only human outcome study is uncontrolled, unblinded, self-reported, and authored by the protocol's advocates.

Hulscher, Marik, Makis et al., Anticancer Research 2026;46(6):3243, PMID 42203321, Rockwell et al., JAMA Network Open 2026;9(5):e2616780 (demand study, not efficacy), Sulik et al., Eur J Med Chem Reports 2024, Hayashi et al., Anticancer Research 2024;44(12):5271

Alternating electric fields at a specific frequency, delivered through scalp electrodes, disrupt cell division in tumors.

What a 'frequency' therapy looks like when real.

Phase 3 EF-14 RCT showed survival benefit; FDA approved since 2015. Not shown for other gliomas.

Stupp et al., JAMA 2017, EF-14 trial, Real-world meta-analysis, ASCO Daily News summary, Tumor-Treating Fields in Glioblastomas: Past, Present, and Future, PMC 2022

Light can heal tissue and kill cancer.

Light-activated drug plus matching-wavelength laser; decades of trials for specific lesions.

Approved for certain skin, esophageal and lung lesions. Not a general light cure; red-light panels are not this.

NCI PDQ summary on photodynamic therapy. Specific trial citations to be added and verified.

Heating a tumor to around 40 to 43 degrees Celsius weakens cancer cells and makes radiation and some chemotherapy work better.

Tumor brought to measured temperature; standard in some European centers.

Randomized trials in cervical cancer (Dutch Deep Hyperthermia Trial) and sarcoma (EORTC).

van der Zee et al., Lancet 2000, Issels et al., Lancet Oncology 2010 and JAMA Oncology 2018 follow-up

Pulsed electromagnetic fields increase microcirculation dramatically, flooding the body with oxygen that cancer cannot tolerate.

FDA-cleared narrowly for local circulation/muscle stimulation, not cancer; no published 800% figure exists.

No cancer outcome data of any kind.

Independent reviews: Biology Insights, ScienceInsights 2026

Cancer thrives in acid; alkaline water makes the body inhospitable to it.

Tumor microenvironments really are acidic, but blood pH is tightly regulated regardless of what you drink.

Bottled alkaline water does not reach the tumor; the research direction (oral bicarbonate) is not the consumer product.

Tumor alkalization therapy review, Frontiers in Oncology 2024, Plasma-activated water mouse study, Applied Physics Letters 2022 (previously miscited as AIP Advances)

Specific audio or radio frequencies shatter cancer cells the way a note shatters glass.

No demonstrated mechanism at the energies involved; contrast with TTFields, a real electric-field therapy.

No outcome data. Rife machines and sound baths have never been trialed.

None on file.

Surgical removal of a solid tumor.

The single most effective cancer treatment ever devised.

Curative for most solid tumors caught before spread.

None on file.

Targeted ionizing radiation to kill or control tumor cells.

Modern targeted radiation spares far more healthy tissue than older forms.

Curative alone in some cancers; controls recurrence in many others.

None on file.

Systemic cytotoxic drugs targeting rapidly dividing cells.

Well characterized cytotoxic and antimetabolite mechanisms.

Curative in testicular cancer, many lymphomas including Hodgkin's, and childhood leukemias; life-extending in many others; brutal in most.

None on file.

Checkpoint inhibitors and related drugs that unleash the immune system against tumors.

Checkpoint biology (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4) is well characterized.

Turned some metastatic melanomas and lung cancers from fatal into long-term survivable. Works spectacularly for some, not at all for others.

None on file.

Drugs aimed at a tumor's specific mutation.

Mutation-specific drug design, one of the two biggest advances of the last 15 years.

For a patient whose tumor has the matching mutation, often the best option that exists.

None on file.

Active surveillance instead of immediate treatment.

Some cancers grow slowly enough that immediate treatment adds risk without benefit.

For some prostate, thyroid and low-grade cancers, doing nothing yet is the evidence-based choice.

None on file.