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# Tumor treating fields (Optune) - Haygood Health

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### [Tumor treating fields (Optune)](/c/ttf)

MechanismESTABLISHEDOutcomeA (glioblastoma)

Claimed

Alternating electric fields at a specific frequency, delivered through scalp electrodes, disrupt cell division in tumors.

What holds up

What a 'frequency' therapy looks like when real.

What it does not show

Phase 3 EF-14 RCT showed survival benefit; FDA approved since 2015. Not shown for other gliomas.

Evidence for

Stupp et al., JAMA 2017, EF-14 trial, Real-world meta-analysis, ASCO Daily News summary, Tumor-Treating Fields in Glioblastomas: Past, Present, and Future, PMC 2022

Sources

PENDING Stupp et al., JAMA 2017, EF-14 trial. PENDING Real-world meta-analysis, ASCO Daily News summary. PENDING Tumor-Treating Fields in Glioblastomas: Past, Present, and Future, PMC 2022.

## Grade history (append-only)

Every grade change is kept, never overwritten, so the current grade and every prior one stay visible.

Mechanism gradeJustificationGraded byStateGraded at

ESTABLISHEDWhat a 'frequency' therapy looks like when real.seeddisplayed2026-09-03T21:29:06.034Z

Outcome gradeJustificationGraded byStateGraded at

A (glioblastoma)Phase 3 EF-14 RCT showed survival benefit; FDA approved since 2015. Not shown for other gliomas.seeddisplayed2026-09-03T21:29:06.034Z

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